The process of producing blood components and plasma derivatives is summarised in Figure 3.1. The use of blood components in clinical practice is covered in Chapters 7 to 10. red cells must be refrigerated, platelets must not) and the use of precious blood donations becomes more efficient. Each component is stored under ideal conditions (e.g. Blood component therapy makes clinical sense as most patients require a specific element of blood, such as red cells or platelets, and the dose can then be optimised.
Whole blood is now rarely used for transfusion. Since 1999, as a vCJD risk-reduction measure, all plasma derivatives used in the UK are manufactured using donations from countries with a low risk of vCJD. Plasma derivatives are covered by the Medicines Act and, like any other drug, must be prescribed by a licensed practitioner. These are classified as blood components prepared in the blood transfusion centre (red cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate) or plasma derivatives manufactured from pooled plasma donations in plasma fractionation centres (such as albumin, coagulation factors and immunoglobulins). Annex 5: Blood Components for Contingency Use.A4.3 Convalescent Plasma (COVID-19), FFP, for Neonates and Infants, Leucocyte Depleted.A4.2 Convalescent Plasma (COVID-19), FFP, Leucocyte Depleted.Annex 2: ISBT 128 check character calculation.Annex 1: Standards available from the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control.27: Specification for labelling consumables used in therapeutic product production.26: Specification for blood pack base labels.25: Standards for electronic data interchange within the UK Blood Transfusion Services.24: Specification for the uniform labelling of human tissue products using ISBT 128.23: Specification for the uniform labelling of blood, blood components and blood donor samples.21: Tissue banking: tissue retrieval and processing.20: Tissue banking: selection of donors.15: Molecular typing for red cell antigens.14: Guidelines for the use of DNA/PCR techniques in Blood Establishments.13: Patient testing (red cell immunohaematology).12: Donation testing (red cell immunohaematology).10: Investigation of suspected transfusion-transmitted infection.9: Microbiology tests for donors and donations: general specifications for laboratory test procedures.8: Evaluation of novel blood components, production processes and blood packs: generic protocols.6: Evaluation and manufacture of blood components.5: Collection of a blood or component donation.4: Premises and quality assurance at blood donor sessions.3: Care and selection of whole blood and component donors (including donors of pre-deposit autologous blood).Quality in blood and tissue establishments and hospital blood banks
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